{"id":12192,"date":"2024-07-19T19:26:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T19:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nemistech.keepnetics.com\/2024\/07\/19\/whole-genome-sequencing-and-the-future-of-food-safety\/"},"modified":"2025-04-13T09:07:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T09:07:10","slug":"whole-genome-sequencing-and-the-future-of-food-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nemistech.keepnetics.com\/en-us\/blog\/whole-genome-sequencing-and-the-future-of-food-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"Whole Genome Sequencing and The Future of Food Safety"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An Exclusive Interview with Prof. Dr. Lars Fieseler, Head of Food Microbiology at ZHAW<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Franzisca Gartenmann, Marketing Manager at <a href=\"http:\/\/nemistech.com\">NEMIS Technologies<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\"><strong><em>Hi Lars, great to be speaking to you. Since the focus of this interview is the future of food safety, let\u00a0us start with the most important question. What do you think the future of food safety will look like\u00a0in a couple of years?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I would assume that in the future, we will find just as much pathogenic around the food production\u00a0line as we do today. <span>However, what will become increasingly important is the determination of the\u00a0whole genome sequence of an isolated pathogen in order to trace it back to its origin. <\/span>Because what\u00a0we need to understand after a pathogen has been found is where it came from and how it entered\u00a0the product. There are two different possibilities. Firstly, the pathogen detected could be associated\u00a0with the raw materials. Or secondly, it was present in the production environment and a cross-contamination\u00a0occurred. Getting a positive test result as part of my environmental monitoring\u00a0program does not indicate how the contamination occurred and how the specific pathogen entered\u00a0the production facility. But this information is essential because what I want to derive from it are\u00a0measure on how to prevent any kind of contamination of this particular strain occurring again.\u00a0Therefore, I must not only detect pathogenic bacteria but also identify them. Beyond just knowing\u00a0the species, I must know which strain it is and if it has already been isolated anywhere else in the\u00a0world. Traditionally, technologies and methods are used to type a strain, but it has been found that\u00a0many of them are simply not precise enough. Whole genome sequencing opens up a whole new era\u00a0of possibility as the determination of the entire genome sequence is expressed in three to four\u00a0million data points that allow a very accurate identification and subsequent comparison to other\u00a0data entries. So, whole genome sequencing, in my eyes, is the most powerful technology to precisely\u00a0identify a pathogen today. And it is also what is urgently needed to produce safer food today and in\u00a0the future.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Read also: <a href=\"https:\/\/nemistech.keepnetics.com\/en-us\/blog\/democratizing-food-safety-for-everyone-everywhere\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Democratizing food safety<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hs-embed-wrapper hs-fullwidth-embed\" style=\"position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; height: auto; padding: 0px; min-width: 256px; display: block; margin: auto;\" data-service=\"youtube\" data-responsive=\"true\">\n<div class=\"hs-embed-content-wrapper\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 56.5%; margin: 0px;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YCUCCjOZk6w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\"><strong><em>That sounds like this will increase the pressure on food producers significantly. Do you think this\u00a0technology will remain predominantly in the hands of the government or is this something the entire\u00a0industry will be using?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span>Of course, while making food safer it also significantly increasing the pressure on food producers.\u00a0However, there is a lot that still needs to be clarified and regulated. <\/span>At the moment, whenever there\u00a0is an outbreak of a foodborne pathogen which is traced back to a certain item, it will be completely\u00a0whole genome sequenced. That is where we are currently at. But now, the situation might change\u00a0because if we start sequencing bacteria which have been detected in the production environment,\u00a0we really need to clarify how to proceed. Today, it lies within the legal responsibility of the food\u00a0manufacturer to produce safe products. No one is asking for precise cell counts of the production\u00a0environment \u2013 yet. Of course, there are certain guidelines that have been determined, but there is\u00a0little that is mandatory when it comes to environmental monitoring. I cannot answer whether it will\u00a0become mandatory to whole genome sequence pathogens that are detected in the production\u00a0environment. I know, it would enhance the quality of the entire production process and consequently,\u00a0of the food itself. But there are a lot of questions to be answered. Who will pay for the analysis, the\u00a0producer or the government? And more importantly, what happens to the data, especially in the\u00a0case where pathogenic bacteria is actually detected? What will be the incentive for a food producer\u00a0to share this information? Bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes will always be present in any case.\u00a0Listeria monocytogenes is naturally associated with many raw materials because it is an environmental organism. It is not restricted to livestock and can be found almost anywhere. It is up to us to find and eliminate it to prevent it from causing harm. Therefore, environmental monitoring is a powerful tool to detect pathogens before the cross-contaminate the end product. Whole genome sequencing will take risk prevention and thus, management to the next level. <a href=\"https:\/\/chimia.ch\/chimia\/article\/view\/2020_791\/267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 384px; float: right; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/25392440.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net\/hubfs\/25392440\/Buttons%20templates%20(4)-2.png\" alt=\"Buttons templates (4)-2\" width=\"384\" height=\"433\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\"><strong><em>It sounds like the power of this new technology does not come from one data point but the\u00a0interpretation of it within the context of a whole collection of data points. Is there such a centralized\u00a0database yet?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span>The FDA in the US already established such a tool and made it available to the public. Anyone can\u00a0log-in and have a look at the genomes that have been deposited there. <\/span>It is also easy to simply submit a genome sequence and compare it to the existing data entries to find a potential match. The US is sequencing around 12,000 genomes each month and so this database will grow continuously. As for Europe, many genome sequences are available and have been published, but I am not aware of any one centralized database yet. Fact is that there is significant pressure building up on food manufacturers in terms of accountability. But this is reasonable, because there were countless outbreaks in the past where the strains that had caused them had been identified years earlier. I am not quite sure how long it will take to establish whole genome sequencing in the food industry, also because it already is in a way. The technology exists and continues to be improved, resulting in a reduction of costs over time. It will not only depend on the pricing, but more importantly on the regulations and specifically the consequences that are applied when a pathogen is detected in the production environment. When it comes to end products, everything is already regulated, and the measures are clear. But I could imagine that quality and safety standards for the production environment are the next thing that will be standardized and legally enforced. But I really do not know what the final setting will be like.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\"><strong><em>If you were a food producer, how would you go about preparing yourself for this specific future of\u00a0food safety?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">All I can say, as a scientist, I know that this new methodology will have a tremendous impact on\u00a0making food safer around the world. I think there are a lot of food producers that would like to make\u00a0use of that technology to increase the safety and quality of the food they produce. But what isn\u2019t\u00a0clear yet is how the information will be handled. Because like we established, the entry of Listeria\u00a0monocytogenes, for example, into the production environment is normal because it is associated\u00a0with raw materials. But as a non-familiar reader I might misunderstanding the meaning of finding\u00a0Listeria monocytogenes. And I could imagine that food producers do not want to be punished for\u00a0making the extra efforts of putting an environmental monitoring program in place, detecting\u00a0pathogens, sequencing and thus, identifying them. The way food safety works at the moment is that\u00a0there are extremely hard consequences in place should an end product be contaminated. <span>The\u00a0philosophy around environmental monitoring should be the exact opposite and food producers\u00a0should be rewarded for finding pathogens before they can do harm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Read also: <a href=\"https:\/\/nemistech.keepnetics.com\/en-us\/blog\/investing-in-innovative-new-solutions-a-distributors-perspective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investing in innovative new solutions \u2013 a Distributor\u2019s perspective<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 133px; float: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/f.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net\/hubfs\/25392440\/Lars%20Fieseler.png\" alt=\"Lars Fieseler\" width=\"133\" \/>Prof. Dr. Lars Fieseler is lecturer and researcher ZHAW School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, serving as the head of food microbiology and running the center for food safety and quality management. He specializes in the detection of foodborne pathogens and bacteriophages and has published countless papers. He is a food safety advisor to <a href=\"http:\/\/nemistech.com\">NEMIS Technologies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An Exclusive Interview with Prof. Dr. Lars Fieseler, Head of Food Microbiology at ZHAW&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[136,140,137,138,148],"class_list":["post-12192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-environmental-monitoring-en-us","tag-expert-interview-en-us","tag-food-safety-en-us","tag-listeria-monocytogenes-en-us","tag-whole-genome-sequencing-en-us"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Whole Genome Sequencing &amp; The Future of Food Safety - NEMIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Whole genome sequencing is an important part of the future of food safety. 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